Explore cultural objects, art and technology in the Australian Museum's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Collection. When the kangaroos came hopping along, a cloud of spears and purrahmirre. Visitors to this website should be aware that some materials may use language that is offensive or sensitive. The Wonnarua people are traditional landowners in the . The Reverend L. E. Threlkeld was sworn interpreter between the Court and the prisoner at the bar. he would cry. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. She was Indeed a wonderfully lucky fisher. The fury of the elements seldom disturbed them. Take your designs to the next level. The howling continued all the time. This only lasts a few minutes and then all the men follow after the novices. When this painting is completed, two of the men go ahead by themselves, each of them carrying one or two boomerangs in his belt and one in his hand; in the other hand he carries a small bough ready for use by and bye. At Port Stephens they called it the poombit though generally it is spoken of as the bora. On the flat there was an oval cleared space with a banked-up margin, and in the centre of it a heaped-up conical shaped fire. Members were related to each other by their kinship classification, common language and law. The ridge Dungog is built on was called Dunbah. You can use this to build on. The sisters of each boy then go up to him, and rub their feet on his ankles. A man standing at the butt of the tree commences to cut steps as if going to climb it, and a few of the men run about and throw sticks at the [possums] tail. From my point of observation I beheld a conical fire burning in the midst of a cleared space, very similar to the one I have described as being at the foot of the hill. It was an oval- shaped piece of hardwood some two feet wide having a hand-grip on the back made of a length of vine affixed In holes made for the purpose. Note the way the dilli-bag is slung. There were other types of spears, of course, for hunting purposes, and perhaps war. Discover cultural material and objects in our Indonesian collection. As my instructions from the Governor were very strict with regard to prosecuting those whether bond or free who detained any of the black women contrary to their wish or that of their friends. hbbd``b`$AC $ IuK`R"sDlqXLW@z%3.` /1 The waddies. They played at warlike games with spear and boomerang, fashioned for their own youthful and harmless purpose, They could swim almost as soon as they could walk. I immediately sent for Macintyre and the black and after obtaining the whole account, kept the latter in custody, and the next day were engaged in collecting a. party from some of the stations around the Gloucester, with arms and ammunition to go in pursuit of the murderers at daylight to-morrow morning. What this Initiatory preparation was I never learned, for the boys maintained a strict silence on the subject. In those early days the blacks knew little of matches, and certainly never used them for the purpose of lighting their fires. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. His black boy said that he would see where they had gone, and going to the camp showed, a snear stuck in the ashes of the fire with a corn cob tied on the point. Name (required) We would like to acknowledge the Wonnarua people who are the traditional custodians of this land. established a heifer station at Bakers Creek, twelve miles north-east of Gloucester, now known as Upper Ghangat. It is therefore necessary to give them a little relaxation to afford them an opportunity of regaining their strength before attempting the journey to the kweealbang. He appears painted with pipeclay and carries a fire-stick in his hand; but generally it is the [clever men] who alone perceive him and to whom he says Fear not come and talk. At other times he comes where the blacks are asleep and takes them up, as an eagle his prey, and carries them away for a time. In a new document, Filling A Void, the heritage office says there is no record of the word Guringai or any of its derivatives, including Ku-ring-gai, in any of the early accounts of the colony after white settlement and no hint that the Aborigines of the northern beaches or any other part of Sydney had ever heard the word. Very rarely did an aboriginal stoop down to pick up any article from the ground. Fanny, on seeing it, became greatly agitated and ordered me to restore it to its hiding place at once. Indeed it seemed almost im- possible to hit a black with lance or missile if he had his cooreel in his hand. Since those times the flying-fox has changed his habits considerably much to the loss of orchardists and those that cultivate fruit. The back of this shelter is towards the womens camp. The bush provided the secular climax of the ceremony. The principal headman then walks along the row of novices, bending down the head of each one until his chin is resting on his breast. McKenzies CLIFFS A TRAGEDY OF 1838. The novices are not allowed to leave the camp, but must sit in the shelter all day with their eyes cast down, some of their guardians remaining with them. Renowned historian and Wonnarua descendant, James Miller explains in his book Koori a Will to Win: The spirit of Baime is depicted on a cave overlooking the Valley at Milbrodale painted more than 3000 years ago. At the goonambang, a fire lit the centre where a number of elders were sitting. The womerah, also common M most aboriginal tribes, was used to give further Impetus to the flight of a spear. They were fond, too, of pets, for the place was always alive with parrots, bears, opossums, squirrels, kangaroo rats and bandicoots that had been caught in the bush and tamed to the domesticity of camplife. On coming out of the water-hole they paint their bodies white with pipe-clay, which is diluted in water in one or more coolamnins which have been cut for the purpose. These fibre strings were also used to make dilly-bags in which [young children] were carried as well as articles of food, and puppies. During the day-time the novices are sometimes allowed to sit up, keeping their eyes towards the ground, but are not allowed to speak to anyone. On reaching the weengarah, which would be only a short distance from the camp, the messenger would tell the headman and elders the purport of his mission, and would hand them a white quartz crystal which had been given to him by the chief initiator when dispatching him on this errand. It is situated on the right bank of the Manning, a few miles from its source the source of the Manning being on the north-eastern slopes of Polblue. Before Baime there was nothing, everything was sleeping. On perceiving these Billy flatly re- fused to accompany us. A circle of eighty to ninety feet in diameter was dug, or scratched, on a level piece of ground, leaving a space of four or five feet undisturbed to enter the circle by. The chase was a big part of the lives of the males, and strange to relate the spoils were usually divided equally among the various members of the tribe. When they get to the rear, they turn round and again throw pieces of hark over the heads of the men and boys. During this time some old men perform feats of juglery, and exhibit white stones (quartz crystals) to the novices. Receive the latest news on events, exhibitions, scienceresearch and specialoffers. x\{xT_fL! $$!fdS!>p&QTD Ujmoql GjKj[Bks" Y[k^{g7(HxB`Kh[-_2H|v*u/'JKxkko"r6_z+Su,o?x(wDYQqEufWES^v0*X_9X+vxI6EZ|zd$]-/tdy.%(RVdD&WD/?K /T:}LFEay*h7~FE36obV*z2[-CFz~>/-r5 ' x^|XjU~H!-t]!KWjBaZN}{NRHgEB=hSE*wQ'D[t5mt/fqms94_~imuIXI%AnEb]~7MeI7g9?k&3 With these birds and animals,usually well trained, they would amuse themselves for hours, indulging in fits of mirth at the antics and feats of their pets. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 25 Apr 1919 Page 3 The Earliest Inhabitants. These men, who are called keerang (bushes), approach the kweealbang in single file, each one holding a green bush in front of him, which hides his face and body as far as the waist, and as they walk along they make a shrill sound resembling the howling of the dingo, or wild dog. lower coastal property. See what others have contributed about your ancestors. The section of the tree intended to be used for the purpose was first shaped in the rough and then put In the sea water for a lengthy period until the sap had gone and the tissue toughened. The added leverage launch-* ed the lance with Incredible swift- ness. It featured rare objects, new cultural material made by Gadigal Elders, stories, film, songs and 8,000 archaeological pieces. After the novices have been about a week at the keelaybang another mob of men from the womens camp make their appearance during the afternoon. This was the Gringai tribe, a sub-branch of numerous native people that once inhabited the lower portions of the Hunter and Karuah river valleys. Across the range, on the watershed of the Paterson, was another, and an important branch of this tribe with whom the natives of the Dungog district inter-married, and Dr. McKinlay and Mr. J. W. Boy- dell record that these tribes married also with those of the tribes on the Gloucester watershed. The two blacks named are most intelligent fellows and have great weight with their tribe. The flesh was cut with a little sharp stone, and then the black so operated upon would lie out in the sun. We must remember that the majority of these men were convicts and assigned as servants to the settlers or squatters, as they were more generally termed, Some of these assigned men were undoubtedly of a very depraved nature, . That this method was a good one I can bear strong testimony, for the natural juices were preserved within the fish, and the flesh tasted better than when treated any other way. Rubbing the palms together he would cause the upright stick he held to revolve rapidly, the point gradually boring Its way through the pith beneath. Get Started. They undermined the roots on the river side, and waited for a flood, then guided the tree to where they wanted it, but you would need to read her book to understand. The headmen and young fellows who accompany them, are also a little way behind the novices, shouting and making a great noise as they march along. Hurst wrote that fatal disease, introduced by licentious Europeans interfered with the natural source of supply and increase. This appeared to be a signal for the next part of the proceedings, for soon after some two hundred leaping blackfellows appeared over the brow of the hill. At a distance of about 7 chains in a north-north-westerly direction from the goonambang, along the top of the ridge, were a few other marked trees, the dharroong on some of which are still distinguishable. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. We provide free guidance and resources to help you make more family history discoveries. . In this he reports two cases of the Harmony, one, a substantial one, in the early Thirties and the other, a minor one in 1847. They then throw down the boughs, and go away back to their comrades, who have remained at the place where they painted themselves, and all of them now approach the goonambang, lightly tapping their boomerangs together as they walk along, and on arriving at the ring they form a circle round it. The patient was seated or placed in a reclining position on the ground. Just as preparations were being made for a continuation of the rites, some of the strange blacks raised an objection to my being present with a gun, for I had with me a small sixteen-bore fowling piece I Invariably carried on my excursions in the bush. When Europeans settled in the Gloucester-Manning area in the 1820s and 1830s, the Aboriginal people lost their homelands to logging, clearing and livestock. Flash Tommy was almost killed and lay insensible for several days. Carrington [on the north- ern shore of Poet Stephens] was a considerable establishment, although declining in importance, as the Company by that time was transferring the main centre of Its activities elsewhere. [The] vessels enabled many a meal to be obtained by the fisherwomen when the great schools of fish were not in evidence. The Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation was established in 1999 and represents the Wonnarua people. On one occasion my father, having caught several of the youths in the act of purloining some of these delectables, remonstrated with them, and upbraided them sternly for stealing. There were short boards nailed across the dangerous parts. Return of the Boys.- A start is now made towards the womens camp, all the men and boys leaving the kweealbang in single file. If, on the contrary, the tribe to whom the white stone was sent consider the time inopportune, or that there are other weighty reasons for post-poning the general gathering, no white stone is returned by the messenger, and the initiator then knows that they do not approve of his proposal, and the matter lapses for the present. Then there was a big log near Mr. Fitzgeralds or Lowerys, which may have been cut by the pioneers themselves. Mathews, R.H. 1897. bUB 3H LB[ *Lzp+Fi= Among themselves there were seldom any disputes or quarrels. It was then wrapped in sheets of ti-tree secured by cords of string- bark fibre. Lettris Hall, that there was great reason to apprehend that the blacks had murdered Henderson at Worrawong, our distant cattle station. As in fact they did at Wattenbakh, on the Barrington River, where they killed seven of the shepherds. who fully believed in an after existence, and told me many curious and interesting legends, especially one relating to the stars. The last of their kings died only some four years ago, a fine, manly old fellow. News travelled slowly in those far-off days of 1838/39 from this then remote settlement, but as time went on most exaggerated reports began to filter in and reach the authorities in Newcastle and Sydney. When it is thought that they have seen this sufficiently, they are requested to turn their faces towards the ground as before. During the early part of each day, the men go out hunting, and bring home the results of the chase, consisting of kangaroos, iguanas, birds, and other game, as well as wild honey. endstream endobj 73 0 obj <>stream They had left the Bora ring after the first part of the ceremonies and came down to camp by the river. By working the cords the wood was made to revolve rapidly, giving out the noise that gladdened their young hearts. Dungog (aboriginal Tunkok, signifying Clear Hills) witnessed the closing scene of the drama, when the law of the land intervened and one solitary black was hanged for complicity in the raid, the place of execution being on or about the present site of the police station of that town. The gaps between the ties of the vines at stem and stern would be plugged with clay, so skilfully introduced that the whole craft would be absolutely watertight. Derby is a King and speaks English well. Some of the men go to the goonambang and camp there, and during the night they swing a bull-roarer at intervals, and the women at the kackaroo beat their rugs and sing in response, whilst the men give the customary shout. The mothers of the boys are on the outside, or farthest from the fire, which is composed of pieces of wood and bark, slowly burning within the circle of green bushes which are laid around it. Possum, bears [koalas] and snakes were relished Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 3 Sep 1918 Page 3 DAYS GONE BY. The novices are then brought out and placed standing in a row between the camp and the fires, with their eyes cast down. They are generally listed as clan of the Worrimi people, though the Wonnarua Strategic Plan lists the Gringai of Gresford as Wonnarua. The blacks superstitiously avoid mention of their deceased brethren. The tubers varied in thickness from an inch to an Inch-and-a-half, and were a few inches in length. With a SensagentBox, visitors to your site can access reliable information on over 5 million pages provided by Sensagent.com. The affair took place on the flat about 100 yards south of Camerons fence. The main shaft was the dried stem of the gigantic lily (pooloongearn), and into this was fitted a secondary portion, a part of the dried flower stem of the grass tree (pummirri). Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Sat 20 Aug 1949 Page 2 NATIVE WAYS AND NAMES. k ;kR&t*V3+h]XMbTEVKy?,gSl2=>`*K~{~O; CYF/!oS!xoE}Xt7r:qQ {K]P)`gXy92$Z:w8 +bO>RoKvxV *KOV>&oU4W =KUOr-dO?owNg[m5f&^#YKoMMFK.%Xtsv]MuU9gy+,]VZ2hBmS A. Co. had established an out cattle station at Upper Ganghut a heifer run, in charge of [which were a few of] their assigned servants. The novices are also forbidden to eat certain kinds of food until relieved from this restriction by the old men. The Wonnarua were part of the land. Kiripit (now Rawdon Vale) 26 miles west of Glouces- ter, was then a sheep station, managed by Robert Mackenzie, afterwards Sir Robert. In times of wet weather when long continued rain (Kueywon) made everyone and everything miserable and gloomy, the old men of the tribe would perform a remark- able ceremony to ensure a recurrence of fine weather. I have edited out many instances of phrases such as howling savages and gins and have tried to keep the excerpts as cultural reportage, not cultural judgement, but inevitably the historical reports indicate the white cultural mores of the time. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. My father had been admitted as an honorary blood-brother of the tribe and was regarded by them with a sort of veneration. Many of these objects are on display in our First Nations galleries, Garrigarrang and Bayala Nura. Thus their visitor was put at his ease, and in a most tactful manner. Virtual event 100% FREE | March 2-4, 2023. Each singer seemed to be trying to outdo his neighbor in vociferation. This left a white, flax- like fibre, very tough and strong. Poisoning is the most cowardly form of massacre and the Aboriginal race cannot, do not, forget despite their kindly nature. Online help is available anytime from other FamilySearch users. The triangle icon that indicates to play. Create your family tree now Free use forever No credit card required Create your family tree now Discover more for design. The massacre at Kiripit occurred in 35, and resulted in the death of five of Mackenzies convict shepherds. From E. M. McKinlay, Esq., J.P., and C. L. Brown, Esq., Magistrates in the District of Dungog 1845:- https://goo.gl/UqHQ93 :p27. This is done in the following, manner: At the end of a certain time of probation, which is fixed by the headmen, the neophytes, painted and dressed as men of the tribe, are brought to a fire near the mens camp, where there is food ready laid on rugs spread upon the ground. The Kabook and Watoo people are West and South bordering the Wonnarura area. The men and boys who remained at the water-hole or creeL in the busl, as soon as the keerang left them, proceeded to wash the coloring matter off their bodies. in that locality. These spirits were supposed to dwell in the bodies of the medicine men. Two old men, and two of the elder women, now go inside the ring, of men and boys, and walk round - a man and a woman going one way, and the other man and woman going in the contrary direction. In deference to the very evident wish[es] that I should depart, I rode away. This is an error, as the word is an aboriginal one meaning, a place between two rivers near their junction hence, the name of this Estate, according to the blacks pronunciation, is Caning-gula . Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation chief executive Laurie Perry said there were "tit-for-tat skirmishes" on the land, but "there was no massacre on the site or recorded massacre on the site". Never at any time could we get them to men- tion the name of anyone who had died. The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. Doughboy Billy, to whom Mr. Boydell presented a brass plate with the inscription, King of the Tribe, died in the gully behind what is now Mr. R. G. Berrys. He was buried in the blacks, cemetery in the vicinity of Violet Hill. The root of the problem lies in what the first settlers brought with them their assumption that the Aborigines would all speak the same language, their belief the Aborigines lacked any cultural complexity and a failure to come to grips with the people they encountered. There are hardly any left, except in odd places, just a wreck of what they were. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954). Celebrated Fisherman of New South Wales, in a canoe the woman sitting down is supposed to be is [sic] wife. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Collection. Then maddened with fear under the gunfire they broke hither and thither in vain attempts to escape. Th e nullah nullah was another weapon in the same category as the wattle, but of different shape. The Wonnarua Language & Culture Archive is owned and managed by the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation (WNAC), and it has been created for educational purposes. You have reached the end of the page. The body was dropped in sideways and after a stone hatchet and a club were placed beside it the grave was filled in and the ceremonies ended. He wished to see some blacks that had been camped near where Brookfield is now, but when he reached their settlement he found it deserted. This exhibition featured a selection of the Museums collections from the Southern Highlands, Eastern Highlands and Western Highlands, including a variety of human hair wigs, feathered headdress, judge wigs, shells woven aprons and shell forehead ornaments. The body, nicely tied up in bark, was carried to it by friends of the deceased. Som e of them were notched at inter- vals along their whole length, or else carved in fantastic patterns. The weight and strength of the whole spear was regulated according to the purpose for which It was specifically intended, thus the heaviest of them were utilised only for spearing the big sea mullet which swarm into the harbor in countless millions at certain seasons of the year. Anagrams Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 14 May 1935 Page 6 BATTLE WITH THE BOWMAN BLACKS. . By the early 1900s, the word Kurringgai had been adopted by others interested in Aboriginal history and languages and was taken to refer to Aborigines living in northern Sydney. Fans hoped they might learn the identity of the grandfather of John Dutton, the Yellowstone patriarch played by Kevin Costner. She was buried by falls side.One of the last of the tribe was buried there some time ago. When he had finished, he returned to the sky and people called him the Sky Hero or All Father or Sky Father. 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